 located in the west end of province of Mazandaran , Ramsar is limited northward by the Caspian Sea,southward by the central Alborz region (alamot area, a dependence of Qazvin province), westward by Chaboksar a dependence of Gilan province and eastward by Tonekabon. Covering an area of 688 square kilometers. Ramsar is located at 50`40 eastern longitude and 36`52 geographical latitude.
Having temperate and humid climate, it is the rainiest city of Iran. Stratigraphically, there are a variety of different layers from Precambrian to alluvium-sea sediments of the present day in Ramsar. including two areas of mountain and foothill. The mountainous area are covered with forest and in high places with pasture.
The foothill area was formed with alluvium of various rivers and regression of the Caspian Sea. The plain of this areais very narrow because of limited distance of the sea and the mountain. One can find the difference of the highest and the lowest points of Ramsar in the topography map.
It varies from-27 meters below free seas level to 3620 meters in Somamoos mountain. The most important mountains are Somamoos,Boza-Kooh, Lapasar, Deilaman and Sheitan-Kooh with attitudes of more than 3000 meters.
The most important rivers flowing in this city are Tark-Rood, Safa-rood, Salam-rood, Nesa-rood and Chabok-rood. Having Forests,pastures and rice paddies, this area enjoys rice, citrus, potato and hazel nuts.
Historical Background :
The name of Sakhtsar was changed into Ramsar in 1936. Historical and Geographical sources mention Ramsar as Garmeh-rood and Sakhtsar . These are different ideas about its appellation . The word “ Sakhtsar” means “resistant” and “hard”. Some believe that its name is due to the resistance of its people against the governors and others believe that its name is due to the hard soil of this area. In the past, Sakhtsar (Garmeh-rood), a small district, included several villages. This area was regarded as the center of Tonekabon and “seyyed Rekabzan Kia Hassani” ruled there from 750 to 769 AH. The other parts consist several towns and villages.
Some of these are : Gorjiyan, Kalajeh-Kooh, Tanijan, Pourchi, Bamsi, Oshkooneh, Shahrestan, Ahanpouchan,Bazrash, Salmal, Kohneh-Tangdareh, Jannat-Roodbar, Lapasar, Joor-Deh, Chak, Latar, etc …
The above – mentioned area had their own boundaries in the past; they were destroyed by man and nature . Only the names of these are mentioned today, while there were many dependent and independent rules and many events and battles there in past centuries .
Gorjiyan is said to have been founded by Ardeshir-e-Babakan, many castles such as Kalajeh-Kooh (Qal`eh-Band), Markooh, Garesba-Sar, Izaki, Chak-Kooti, Gol-Kand, Qal`eh-Baq and many invaders such as Hassan Sabbah attacked there.
Ruins of ancient architecture exist in the middle of the forest. Some tourists who visited Ramsar talked about it in their travel accounts ;like Frazer, Abbot, Bohler(French), Melgunof, Mackenize, Rabino, etc …
Brifly this area was a suitable place for settlement of various tribes because of its proper conditions of environment, like plentiful food resources and good soil . The ruins found attest to this point
Natural Attractions - Ramsar: Safarood public forest, the beautiful public forests on the road to Ramsar-Javaherdeh and road to Ramsar-Jannt- Roodbar, warm and cold mineral water springs, natural waterfalls, etc. Safarood Public Forest :
located 5 km on the road to Ramsar-Javaherdeh, in the beautiful forest regions of the Alborz mountain range and near the Safarood river. This public forest has many recreational centers.
Mineral Water Springs :
Ramsar is quite famous for its mineral water springs. Some of these are : Nei-Dasht cold mineral water spring another located 12 km south of Ramsar, in a valley near the Safarood river the warm mineral water springs located behind the guesthouse of Ramsar , under the bridge of Ramsar (on the eastern edge of the hotel) and sadat-shahr , Mas-Rash and Tanijan warm mineral water springs in Jannat-Roodbar.
Waterfalls :
These are numerous waterfalls in the mountainous regions of Ramsar which have created the most beautiful views. These include Dareh-Rashmeh on the northwestern road to Ramsar-Javaherdeh, Laj-o-Mij in Oshkoor, a Hamlet near a village by the same name,etc ...
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